To get the general solution, use the sin(a + b) formular with sin(3x) = sin(2x + x), Then manipulate the terms on both sides until you get the golden ratio forumula:
x^2 - x - 1 = 0, where x = 2 cosx.
Fascinating result: cosx = 1/2 (1 + sqrt(5))/2 and cosx = 1/2 (1 - sqrt(5))/2)
Another...