Hi, i have an essay due on hatshepsut's building programs just wondering if possible ppl could read and give feed back.. im not going to well in this subject so all feedback would be great!!!
In this essay I will outline the extensive building program that the Pharaoh Hatshepsut achieved during her reign. As with every pharaoh it was important for Hatshepsut to pursue an active building program and today she is known best for her inventive buildings the most impressive being her mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahri. It was important for a pharaoh to have an extensive building program as it was indicative of their economic stability/ wealth, the workforce behind them the power and authority that they held and also social security.
Such an extensive and artistic building program was able to be achieved with the help of officials and nobles who served under Hatshepsut. These included architects such as Thutiy, Puemre, Hapuseneb and Senmut. Senmut was Hatshepsuts main adviser and was her architect in Karnak, Luxor and Deir el-Bahari.
The mortuary temple of Queen Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari is one of the most dramatically situated in the world. Named Djeser-Djeseru meaning holy of holies, was itself a material statement about her reign, an assertion of her claim to the throne and the proclamation of her "official" assessment of her accomplishments. This temple was dedicated to Amun to emphasize her relationship with him, in both architecture and reliefs. It also reflected on her role of traditional Pharaoh which she legitimatises throughout. Deir el-Bahri is a continuous reminder to the Egyptians that her reign brought wealth and prosperity.
This Temple was not only built to serve Hatshepsut as a Mortuary Temple, but it also functions as a recording of religious events. It took a long 15 years to complete, and much of its design was copied from the Temple of Mentuhotep. Although, Deir el-Bahri far surpasses anything ever built before in architecture and reliefs.
The temple rises in three terraces and is framed by the cliffs behind it. A tree lined avenue of sphinxes led up to the temple, and ramps led from terrace to terrace. The lower terrace is fronted by a pylon. It contains two parallel rows of colonnades with 22 on each side. Reliefs on these colonnades show the transportation and construction of the Karnak Obelisks. Also a relief of the queen in the guise of a sphinx hindering her enemies and a statue of the queen Osiris.
The middle terrace also contains two colonnades. To the left is a great Punt expedition colonnade and to the right the divine birth scenes colonnade, The Birth Coronation relief is also here. To the left of the Punt reliefs is the shrine of Hathor. Here, cow-headed columns represent Hathor and scenes show Hatshepsut making offerings to the goddess and suckling from Hathor, who is the shape of a cow. To the right of the divine birth scenes is the chapel of Anubis.
The Upper Court consists of niches in the wall, in the middle is a doorway which leads to the inner sanctuary. The decoration inside consists of scenes with gods and more figures of Hatshepsut have been destroyed here. In the Sanctuary there are various scenes of offerings to Amun-Re; Hatshepsut and her daughter Neferure kneel before Amun Re; Hatshepsut, Thutmose 111 and the Princess Neferure sacrifice ships to Amen-Re.
Deir el-Bahri functions as a link between Hatshepsut and the god Amun. This grand complex has a magnificent design, extraordinary reliefs, graphic graffiti and a mysterious tomb was a architectural monument in those days. Djeser-Djeseru affirms that Hatshepsut was keen to prove her ties to the gods and maintain a strong relationship with her father Amun.
Another one of Hatshepsuts great monuments that was constructed during her reign included the additions she made to the Temple at Karnak- a dedicated to god Amen. These included two groups of chambers flanking a sanctuary for the sacred boat of Amen. She also constructed the Red Chapel which was made from red Aswan ganite, behind the Red chapel Hatshepsut erected several chapels as well as the so-called Chambers of Hatshepsut.
She also added four obelisks, now of which only two remain in archaeological records, constructed in her 16th regnal year. One lies on its side the other stands at 29.7 metres tall and is the largest obelisks in Egypt, they were all made from red ganite from Aswan. They were perceived as symbols of the sun with association of the sun god Re and held religious importance. Over the surface of these obelisks reliefs were chiseled, such as on the North side Her father Amun hath established her great name.she celebrated (for) him the first occurrence of the royal jubilee in order that she may be given life forever.
Evidence of such events can be seen throughout the Karnak temple, the inscription of Senmut at Aswan and the scenes of obelisks building carved into colonnades at Deir el-Bahari.
Although the temple Deir el-Bahari and the additions to the Karnak temple may be some of Hatshepsuts more notable works she was also involved in the construction of many other significant temples and monuments throughout Egypt.
Such temples included the temple at Dakka, which was dedicated to the god Thoth which
was originally located about 100 kilometers south of the Aswan High Dam in what we refer to today as Nubia, though much of that ancient land is covered by Lake Nasser.
The temple at Speos Artemidos this temple is 2 kilometres south of Beni Hasan, and it was built sometime between her 10th and 17th year as pharaoh. This is a small temple that was curved in the rocks and dedicated to the cat-headed goddess "Pakhet" and the temple is known by its Greek name "Speos Artemidos". The temple consists of a vestibule and a narrow passage leading to a sanctuary.
In the Speos Artemidos inscription, Hatshepsut announces the theme of her reign, which revolves around her rapid building campaigns. She described herself as the one who was destined to rule, by the gods. She also claims to control foreign countries and receive their tribute, and supported and furnished an army. Hatshepsut declared that she has restored the ritual purity of the temples. In the last piece of the inscription she summaries herself as a good Pharaoh, who has repaired all that was plundered by the Hyksos. Within this inscription Hatshepsut was trying to attribute her success as Pharaoh to the rebuilding program after Hyksos rule, to regain Maat in Egypt.
This Inscription demonstrates that Hatshepsut was a powerful Pharaoh who crushed enemies, rebuilt and maintained a stable leadership role.
Another temple constructed by Hatshepsut was the temple at Buben, which was located in Nubia. The temple of Buhen was only a small one and simple in design, it was made of four chambers and 24 pillars and has since been greatly altered from the original design. Two other buildings that were part of Hatshepsuts building program included the temple at Mednet Habu and the Fortress of Western Thebes, the temple of Mednet Habu was located south of Luxor on the west bank and was only a small temple for Hatshepsut. It consisted of seven chambers and was later added to by Thutmose 111. At the Fortress at Western Thebes Hatshepsut made many repairs as stated in an inscription at Deir el-Bahari.
As can be seen Hatshepsuts building program was quite impressive and ambitious, with temples such as Deir el-Bahari she was seen to have an artistic design and structure to her buildings. By having such an impressive building agenda we are able to understand the economic stability/ wealth, the workforce, the power and authority that were held by Hatshepsut and also social security that was evident in New Kingdom Egypt at the time of her reign.
By restoring dilapidated buildings and constructed new ones of secular and sacred character Egypt was able to flourish in new initiative designs, without destroyed buildings from previous wars (Hyksos).
In this essay I will outline the extensive building program that the Pharaoh Hatshepsut achieved during her reign. As with every pharaoh it was important for Hatshepsut to pursue an active building program and today she is known best for her inventive buildings the most impressive being her mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahri. It was important for a pharaoh to have an extensive building program as it was indicative of their economic stability/ wealth, the workforce behind them the power and authority that they held and also social security.
Such an extensive and artistic building program was able to be achieved with the help of officials and nobles who served under Hatshepsut. These included architects such as Thutiy, Puemre, Hapuseneb and Senmut. Senmut was Hatshepsuts main adviser and was her architect in Karnak, Luxor and Deir el-Bahari.
The mortuary temple of Queen Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari is one of the most dramatically situated in the world. Named Djeser-Djeseru meaning holy of holies, was itself a material statement about her reign, an assertion of her claim to the throne and the proclamation of her "official" assessment of her accomplishments. This temple was dedicated to Amun to emphasize her relationship with him, in both architecture and reliefs. It also reflected on her role of traditional Pharaoh which she legitimatises throughout. Deir el-Bahri is a continuous reminder to the Egyptians that her reign brought wealth and prosperity.
This Temple was not only built to serve Hatshepsut as a Mortuary Temple, but it also functions as a recording of religious events. It took a long 15 years to complete, and much of its design was copied from the Temple of Mentuhotep. Although, Deir el-Bahri far surpasses anything ever built before in architecture and reliefs.
The temple rises in three terraces and is framed by the cliffs behind it. A tree lined avenue of sphinxes led up to the temple, and ramps led from terrace to terrace. The lower terrace is fronted by a pylon. It contains two parallel rows of colonnades with 22 on each side. Reliefs on these colonnades show the transportation and construction of the Karnak Obelisks. Also a relief of the queen in the guise of a sphinx hindering her enemies and a statue of the queen Osiris.
The middle terrace also contains two colonnades. To the left is a great Punt expedition colonnade and to the right the divine birth scenes colonnade, The Birth Coronation relief is also here. To the left of the Punt reliefs is the shrine of Hathor. Here, cow-headed columns represent Hathor and scenes show Hatshepsut making offerings to the goddess and suckling from Hathor, who is the shape of a cow. To the right of the divine birth scenes is the chapel of Anubis.
The Upper Court consists of niches in the wall, in the middle is a doorway which leads to the inner sanctuary. The decoration inside consists of scenes with gods and more figures of Hatshepsut have been destroyed here. In the Sanctuary there are various scenes of offerings to Amun-Re; Hatshepsut and her daughter Neferure kneel before Amun Re; Hatshepsut, Thutmose 111 and the Princess Neferure sacrifice ships to Amen-Re.
Deir el-Bahri functions as a link between Hatshepsut and the god Amun. This grand complex has a magnificent design, extraordinary reliefs, graphic graffiti and a mysterious tomb was a architectural monument in those days. Djeser-Djeseru affirms that Hatshepsut was keen to prove her ties to the gods and maintain a strong relationship with her father Amun.
Another one of Hatshepsuts great monuments that was constructed during her reign included the additions she made to the Temple at Karnak- a dedicated to god Amen. These included two groups of chambers flanking a sanctuary for the sacred boat of Amen. She also constructed the Red Chapel which was made from red Aswan ganite, behind the Red chapel Hatshepsut erected several chapels as well as the so-called Chambers of Hatshepsut.
She also added four obelisks, now of which only two remain in archaeological records, constructed in her 16th regnal year. One lies on its side the other stands at 29.7 metres tall and is the largest obelisks in Egypt, they were all made from red ganite from Aswan. They were perceived as symbols of the sun with association of the sun god Re and held religious importance. Over the surface of these obelisks reliefs were chiseled, such as on the North side Her father Amun hath established her great name.she celebrated (for) him the first occurrence of the royal jubilee in order that she may be given life forever.
Evidence of such events can be seen throughout the Karnak temple, the inscription of Senmut at Aswan and the scenes of obelisks building carved into colonnades at Deir el-Bahari.
Although the temple Deir el-Bahari and the additions to the Karnak temple may be some of Hatshepsuts more notable works she was also involved in the construction of many other significant temples and monuments throughout Egypt.
Such temples included the temple at Dakka, which was dedicated to the god Thoth which
was originally located about 100 kilometers south of the Aswan High Dam in what we refer to today as Nubia, though much of that ancient land is covered by Lake Nasser.
The temple at Speos Artemidos this temple is 2 kilometres south of Beni Hasan, and it was built sometime between her 10th and 17th year as pharaoh. This is a small temple that was curved in the rocks and dedicated to the cat-headed goddess "Pakhet" and the temple is known by its Greek name "Speos Artemidos". The temple consists of a vestibule and a narrow passage leading to a sanctuary.
In the Speos Artemidos inscription, Hatshepsut announces the theme of her reign, which revolves around her rapid building campaigns. She described herself as the one who was destined to rule, by the gods. She also claims to control foreign countries and receive their tribute, and supported and furnished an army. Hatshepsut declared that she has restored the ritual purity of the temples. In the last piece of the inscription she summaries herself as a good Pharaoh, who has repaired all that was plundered by the Hyksos. Within this inscription Hatshepsut was trying to attribute her success as Pharaoh to the rebuilding program after Hyksos rule, to regain Maat in Egypt.
This Inscription demonstrates that Hatshepsut was a powerful Pharaoh who crushed enemies, rebuilt and maintained a stable leadership role.
Another temple constructed by Hatshepsut was the temple at Buben, which was located in Nubia. The temple of Buhen was only a small one and simple in design, it was made of four chambers and 24 pillars and has since been greatly altered from the original design. Two other buildings that were part of Hatshepsuts building program included the temple at Mednet Habu and the Fortress of Western Thebes, the temple of Mednet Habu was located south of Luxor on the west bank and was only a small temple for Hatshepsut. It consisted of seven chambers and was later added to by Thutmose 111. At the Fortress at Western Thebes Hatshepsut made many repairs as stated in an inscription at Deir el-Bahari.
As can be seen Hatshepsuts building program was quite impressive and ambitious, with temples such as Deir el-Bahari she was seen to have an artistic design and structure to her buildings. By having such an impressive building agenda we are able to understand the economic stability/ wealth, the workforce, the power and authority that were held by Hatshepsut and also social security that was evident in New Kingdom Egypt at the time of her reign.
By restoring dilapidated buildings and constructed new ones of secular and sacred character Egypt was able to flourish in new initiative designs, without destroyed buildings from previous wars (Hyksos).
