As everyone else said, it's set notation for all real numbers.
Real numbers include integers, rationals and irrationals such as
, but stop short of including imaginary numbers like
.
Sometimes it will be written
, which means the same thing.
Here are some other ones that you may encounter:
(natural numbers)
(integers)
(rationals)
(complex numbers)
You can also add a superscripted sign to place further restrictions.
e.g.
means positive integers.