Extra points are added on applicants' ATAR who received successful EAS considerations. Be it because you are enrolled in a disadvantaged school or other considerations which placed you as disadvantaged. UAC will inform you of this which I think is a brilliant system. A new list of claims came out earlier this year partly because of the bush fires last year. (I personally made no such claims even though we suffered losses.) Then there are the usual school captains, elite sports players, etc. As for medicine I believe points are added after all is considered, meaning points aren't added to your ATAR but to your overall performance when you have done your UCAT, HSC & Interviews. But that may not apply for all unis. Personally, I am always doubtful of the whole seeking after 'extra points' for your ATAR because at the end of the day all UAC & unis are trying to do is match you to the right course for you.