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For a solution to be saturated, and at equilibrium, by definition there must be some excess solid solute. It is not the amounts or the concentrations of solid and dissolved solute that are the same. In fact, we can't really talk about a concentration value for a crystalline solid. All you need...

"In the beginning God created the heaven and the Earth. And the Earth was without form, and void. and darkness was upon the face of the deep. "And God said Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place; and let the dry land appear, and it was so. "And God called the dry...

There is no single explanation for how a heterogeneous catalyst works. A heterogeneous catalyst is usually a solid (or it could sometimes be an immiscible liquid) but it presents a surface to the reactants that accelerates the rate of reaction. A good example would be a Ziegler-Natta catalyst...

The net reaction is like a hypothesis- I'm asking this question at the beginning with a chemical equation, "Can mercury be oxidised to mercury 2+ ions and copper 2+ ions be reduced to copper in a spontaneous reaction?" The answer is, "No."

All electrode potentials are defined as reduction potentials. The reduction potential of Cu2+ to Cu(s) Eo is 0.34 V and the reduction potential of Hg2+ to Hg(l) Eo is 0.85V. The reaction is non-spontaneous, mercury metal will not displace copper ions from a solution of copper sulfate. Here is...

You should recall from valence shell electron-pair repulsion theory that the bonding and the non-bonding electron pairs occupy positions as far away from each other as possible. Yes, that means the electron pairs are in a tetrahedral arrangement, but it also means the two hydrogens are in a bent...

Yes, the coefficient of friction is always a positive number. The friction force always opposes the direction of incipient motion. If you are pushing the block up the ramp, the friction force acts down the ramp, and vice versa. That's a strange way to describe the coefficient of friction, to say...

Yes, it was 2011. According to NESA, new syllabus consultation with teachers and school systems will start in 2025, syllabus written by 2027, start teaching in 2028 and first examination in 2029. It's a long slow process, so five more years of examining the current syllabus.

No, Michelson-Morley is not explicitly in the syllabus. You can't be asked questions about this experiment. The whole "luminiferous ether" model has been removed. I can only guess that their reasoning was because this experiment produced a null result, and it was not referred to by Einstein in...

The integrated peak heights are used to determine the number of protons in closely similar chemical environments. Look at those stair-step graphs. The height of the step is the integrated value. The peaks at -1.3 and -2.0 have the same step height so they represent the same number of protons...

Go to the NESA website. There is an exam archive with the examination packs for all the past papers. Here is the link for Chemistry: https://educationstandards.nsw.edu.au/wps/portal/nesa/resources-archive/hsc-exam-papers-archive/chemistry/

Well, I disagree. However, you must follow what your teacher wants because he/she is going to mark the work.

Don't be too discouraged by the inaccurate results. This is quite normal for student first-hand investigations of enthalpy of combustion. The errors are huge. You are right about the incomplete combustion causing an error; it is much more difficult to achieve complete combustion for pentan-1-ol...

Yeah that should be good. In the equation ac=ω2r then you are changing the parameter "r", I'm sure that if you keep an open mind and you are observant that you will think of other related measurements. And don't miss out on going on the Rotor (but take a sick bag, just in case).

You are in Year 11, Yes? What you will need to understand and be able to apply in Year 12 Physics is the different models for light. There is the wave-front model and the ray model and you need to know the advantages and disadvantages of each model. The light ray is always normal to the wave-front.

If you are doing amusement park rides, then it's probably not practical for a student to change the parameters of the ride. According to the Luna Park website, the angular velocity of Volaré is 17 revolutions per minute but it must start from zero and accelerate up to some maximum angular...

Suggestion: fix the grammar in your aim. The verb doesn't make any sense. 20 pages is too much for a Year 11 depth study. If your hypothesis is 200 words, that is ridiculous. Your hypothesis should be no more that 2 sentences, so 30 words.

Since you are making a video then you must obtain the frame rate from the metadata in the video file. The frame rate might vary between experiments. Do you know the frame rate? The blur in the position of the ball is caused by the shutter speed of the camera. If the shutter speed of the camera...

Plan your answer on a spare page at the back of the paper. One minute spent mind-mapping your answer will save time, gain your more marks, avoid mistakes, and it will make your answer easier to read and mark. Oh and don't forget, "a picture tells a thousand words" so a well drawn labelled...

If that's exactly what those authors said about preparing a standard solution, well their opinions are wrong.