- The influence of thetes and how they caused a radical democracy in Athens
- Selection by lot
- Rotation of office (so magistrate could serve more than once, except in the Boule)
- Collegiality (decision-making done in groups)
- Cleisthenes reorganising the 139 villages of Athens into 10 tribes which could participate in government decisions
- Athenian government structure i.e. the Boule, Ekklesia, Dikasteria, strategia, archons and aeropagus
- Archonship opening up to the two bottom property classes: the zeugitae and thetes
- Ostracism
- Ephialtes reforms
- Pericles introducing payment for service
- Pericles citizenship law.