AbsoluteValue, if a good salary is what you are looking for, then academia (teaching at university) is not for you, I'm afraid. A full Professor gets 150K p.a. so that's significantly lower than the figures you listed for the other professions. At the end of the day, if you enjoy your work (remember you don't work for someone when you are an academic), then money will be less of an issue!
So to answer your original question, you will need a bachelor degree with Honours, then this will allow you to progress straight to a PhD. Finish your PhD, and depend on your discipline, you may need additional training as a post-doctoral scholar (in science for example, you continue your research training in someone's lab). When you are confident you can "do it on your own", you apply for a faculty position and become an academic, and once that happens, you can now start running your own lab (in science at least). Overseas training might help getting a faculty position.